PS: Also, something that I observed in Turkiye (newly PC spelling, as the Turks spell it! ). I was at a place near Antalya, where there is a large area of ground fenced off aggressively - serious tall fences - to enclose a ‘milipark’: a national park. The fences were to keep the ubiquitous herder-tended goat flocks out.
The contrast between the inside and the outside was stark: Outside, ground covered in short, dead, blond grass, patches of bare dry soil, and no trees; inside a sea of green, even in the dry Mediterranean Summer, with dense maquis undergrowth and shrubs, and young trees growing up every few square yards. Nothing had been planted. Just the fence, with typically Turkish-fascistic protection, to keep everyone out.
I see it in many climates: where humans and our livestock and arable-ag are absent, and with no urban ‘development’, the wild roars back with amazing speed.
I have small-area examples - just a few acres here and there - where it’s happening right here where I live. One instance has gone from completely bulldozed, bare exposed-subsoil devastation to dense, multi-species wildflower meadow in fifteen years, with an entire small forest growing energetically, mainly self-planted willows, white poplar (from a nearby human-planted mono-stand), silver birch and hawthorn; though with a fringe of burgeoning young sallows which I guerrilla-planted around the edge of the ponds which the dozers also left; also freshly devastated and empty of life, now full of water plants, frogs, minnows, and on…
Apart from my sallows - just small green sticks broken off the already standing wild sallows on the edge of the devastation, and stuck into the water margin; done in a minute, no cost at all, virtually no effort - none of it was seeded by any human agency. The frogs hopped there, the minnows came as eggs in the plumage of visiting wild mallards, the bulrushes just blew in as flying seeds; and I’m only skimming the surface of the inventory of species that have spontaneously self-established here now.
Reasons to be cheerful…!
When - without any ‘benefit’ of eugenics - our currently-overshot global population has quietly shrunk itself down again to a more reasonable, steady-state level, and at the same time human economic activity has also shrunk back significantly, due to the Long Descent away from current levels of commodity-splurging (WIGIG!), I expect a lot more of this spontaneous re-greening and re-wilding to be well in hand. Mam Gaia’s heal-and-repair fecundity is like a steam-roller on speed.